Aneirin
Poet of Y GododdinBardd Y GododdinPoet of Y Gododdin, the elegy for the warriors of Catraeth.Bardd Y Gododdin, y farwnad i ryfelwyr Catraeth.
History of WalesHanes Cymru / The Age of PrincesOes y Tywysogion
d. 1063
Gruffudd ap Llywelyn
The only king ever to rule the whole of Wales, from 1055 until he was killed by his own men.Yr unig frenin erioed i reoli Cymru gyfan, o 1055 nes iddo gael ei ladd gan ei wŷr ei hun.
Gruffudd seized Gwynedd and Powys in 1039 and won a famous victory over the Mercians at Rhyd-y-groes. By 1055 he had taken Deheubarth and Morgannwg as well, becoming king of all Wales, and he raided deep into England, burning Hereford.
In 1063 Earl Harold Godwinson, the future King Harold, invaded Wales by land and sea. Gruffudd was killed by his own men and his head was sent to Harold. Wales was never again united under a native king.
Cipiodd Gruffudd Wynedd a Phowys yn 1039 ac enillodd fuddugoliaeth enwog dros y Mersiaid yn Rhyd-y-groes. Erbyn 1055 roedd wedi cipio Deheubarth a Morgannwg hefyd, gan ddod yn frenin Cymru gyfan, ac ymosododd yn ddwfn i Loegr, gan losgi Henffordd.
Yn 1063 ymosododd Iarll Harold Godwinson ar Gymru ar dir a môr. Lladdwyd Gruffudd gan ei wŷr ei hun ac anfonwyd ei ben at Harold. Ni unwyd Cymru byth eto dan frenin brodorol.
On the timelineAr y llinell amser
One king for all WalesUn brenin i Gymru gyfan
Gruffudd ap Llywelyn becomes the only ruler ever to unite all of Wales, until his death in 1063.Daw Gruffudd ap Llywelyn yr unig reolwr erioed i uno Cymru gyfan, hyd ei farwolaeth yn 1063.
Also in this ageHefyd yn yr oes hon
Rhodri Mawr
Rhodri the GreatBrenin GwyneddKing of Gwynedd who brought Powys and Seisyllwg under his rule and beat back the Vikings.Brenin Gwynedd a ddaeth â Phowys a Seisyllwg dan ei reolaeth a gwrthsefyll y Llychlynwyr.
Asser
Alfred’s Welsh scholarYsgolhaig Cymreig AlffredA monk of St Davids who became adviser to Alfred the Great and wrote the first biography of an English king.Mynach o Dyddewi a ddaeth yn gynghorydd i Alffred Fawr ac a ysgrifennodd y cofiant cyntaf i frenin o Sais.
Hywel Dda
Hywel the GoodBrenin y DeheubarthHis name was given to the native law of Wales, notable for women’s property rights and for compensation in place of vengeance.Rhoddwyd ei enw ar gyfraith frodorol Cymru, sy’n nodedig am hawliau eiddo i fenywod ac am iawndal yn lle dial.