Aneirin
Poet of Y GododdinBardd Y GododdinPoet of Y Gododdin, the elegy for the warriors of Catraeth.Bardd Y Gododdin, y farwnad i ryfelwyr Catraeth.
History of WalesHanes Cymru / The Age of PrincesOes y Tywysogion
c. 1359–c. 1415
Owain Glyndŵr
Led the last great war for independence and held a parliament at Machynlleth. He was never captured, and his fate is unknown.Arweiniodd y rhyfel mawr olaf dros annibyniaeth a chynnal senedd ym Machynlleth. Ni chafodd ei ddal erioed, ac ni ŵyr neb beth fu ei dynged.
Owain Glyndŵr was a wealthy landowner descended from the princes of Powys and Deheubarth, educated in law in London. A land dispute with his neighbour Lord Grey grew into national revolt in September 1400.
By 1404 he held most of Wales, took Harlech and Aberystwyth castles, and held parliaments at Machynlleth. In the Pennal Letter of 1406 he set out plans for an independent Welsh church and two universities. The rising faded after 1409, but Owain was never betrayed or captured, and simply disappears from history.
Tirfeddiannwr cyfoethog o linach tywysogion Powys a Deheubarth oedd Owain Glyndŵr, a astudiodd y gyfraith yn Llundain. Tyfodd anghydfod tir â’i gymydog yr Arglwydd Grey yn wrthryfel cenedlaethol ym mis Medi 1400.
Erbyn 1404 roedd yn dal y rhan fwyaf o Gymru, wedi cipio cestyll Harlech ac Aberystwyth, ac wedi cynnal seneddau ym Machynlleth. Yn Llythyr Pennal yn 1406 amlinellodd gynlluniau am eglwys Gymreig annibynnol a dwy brifysgol. Ni chafodd Owain ei fradychu na’i ddal erioed.
On the timelineAr y llinell amser
Glyndŵr’s risingGwrthryfel Glyndŵr
Owain Glyndŵr is proclaimed Prince of Wales on 16 September and leads a revolt that lasts more than a decade.Cyhoeddir Owain Glyndŵr yn Dywysog Cymru ar 16 Medi, ac mae’n arwain gwrthryfel sy’n para dros ddeng mlynedd.
Also in this ageHefyd yn yr oes hon
Rhodri Mawr
Rhodri the GreatBrenin GwyneddKing of Gwynedd who brought Powys and Seisyllwg under his rule and beat back the Vikings.Brenin Gwynedd a ddaeth â Phowys a Seisyllwg dan ei reolaeth a gwrthsefyll y Llychlynwyr.
Asser
Alfred’s Welsh scholarYsgolhaig Cymreig AlffredA monk of St Davids who became adviser to Alfred the Great and wrote the first biography of an English king.Mynach o Dyddewi a ddaeth yn gynghorydd i Alffred Fawr ac a ysgrifennodd y cofiant cyntaf i frenin o Sais.
Hywel Dda
Hywel the GoodBrenin y DeheubarthHis name was given to the native law of Wales, notable for women’s property rights and for compensation in place of vengeance.Rhoddwyd ei enw ar gyfraith frodorol Cymru, sy’n nodedig am hawliau eiddo i fenywod ac am iawndal yn lle dial.